Development of A Patient-reported Outcomes Scale for Post-stroke Aphasia Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Holism / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To develop a patient-reported outcomes (PRO) scale for post-stroke aphasia based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) holism. Methods:Referring to the TCM holism, the theoretical model was established following the standard process for the development of the PRO scale. An item pool was established and optimized with case review, patient interview, expert questionnaire survey and consensus conference. The PRO scale was established finally. Results:A pool of post-stroke aphasia items based on the holistic view of TCM was constructed in the physical, psychological and social model. The Expert Comment Form for the PRO Scale for Aphasia after Stroke was formed after sorting out the item pool. After expert surveys and meeting discussion, 40 items were finally selected to form the first version of Patient-reported Outcomes Scale for Post-stroke Aphasia-TCM. Conclusion:The first version of Patient-reported Outcomes Scale for Post-stroke Aphasia-TCM has been developed based on the TCM holism and the concept of PRO, which can be evaluated clinically.

In vivo anti-tumor activity of tumor-targeting pH-sensitive lipoprotein-mimic nanocarrier with paclitaxel loaded / 中国中药杂志

Paclitaxel( PTX) is used as a broad spectrum anti-tumor medicine. However,serious drawbacks restrict clinical application of PTX. In this study,we prepared tumor-targeting and pH-sensitive lipoprotein-mimic nanocarrier containing paclitaxel( BSALC/DOPE-PTX) to study the effective antitumor activity. The in vivo targeting ability of the nanocarrier in tumor bearing nude mice was evaluated by using a Kodak in vivo imaging system FX PRO. The in vivo anti-tumor activity was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 tumor bearing mice,and representative sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin( H&E),and examined by light microscopy. The results showed that DiR-loaded FA-BSA-LC/DOPE selectively targeted tumor,and had a relatively long residence in the tumor tissue. According to the in vivo anti-tumor activity study,FA-BSA-LC/DOPE-PTX exhibited an outstanding tumor inhibition effect with a tumor growth inhibition rate of 79.3%,and tumor tissue sections stained by hematoxylin and eosin( HE) showed severe necrosis areas and many dead cells with condensed nuclei in the FA-BSA-LC/DOPE-PTX group. Therefore,FA-BSA-LC/DOPE-PTX is a biocompatible,tumor-targeting and pH-sensitive lipoprotein-mimic nanocarrier,with a very marked anti-tumor activity in tumor-bearing mice in vivo.

Clinical application evaluation of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Internal Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the applicability and clinical applications of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Internal Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine, so as to provide the basis for the revision of the guidelines. This study was completed by the research and promotion base for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) standard. The methods of applicability evaluation and application evaluation were used in the study. The questionnaires were filled out to evaluate applicability of the guideline, including doctor's familiarity with the guideline,the quality of the guideline, applicable conditions and clinical applications. The prospective case study analysis method was used to evaluate application of the guideline, including evaluation of clinical application compliance and application results(such as clinical effects, safety and economy). There were two parts in the guideline, which were TCM guideline and Western medicine guideline. The results of applicability evaluation showed that there were no obvious differences between TCM guideline and Western medicine guideline in doctor's familiarity with guideline(85.43%, 84.57%) and the use of the guideline(52.10%, 54.47%); the guidelines with good quality, and higher scores in the scope of application and the use of the term rationality(91.94%, 93.35%); the rationality scores of relevant contents in syndrome differentiation and treatment were more than 75%; the applicable conditions were better, and the safety score was the the highest. The comprehensive applicability evaluation showed that the proportion of the application of TCM guideline and Western medicine guideline were 77.73%, 75.46%, respectively. The results of application evaluation showed that there was high degree coincidence between the guideline with its clinical application; except for "other treatment" and "recuperation and prevention" in TCM, other items got high scores which were more than 90%; in the evaluation of application effects, safety of the guideline was best, economy of the guideline was better, and clincal effect was good. The comprehensive application evaluation showed that 75%~80% doctors were satisfied with the guideline. The Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Internal Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine has been widely used in clinical practice, which is of high quality, high degree of clinical application,good safety and economy. But there were some disadvantages of the guideline such as lack of evidence-based medicine and innovation, which is need to be improved constantly in the guideline revision.

Clinical application evaluation of Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Pediatrics in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国中药杂志

Clinical application evaluation research of Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Pediatrics in Traditional Chinese Medicine intends to evaluate the quality level and clinical application of the guideline. A questionnaire and prospective case survey methods were used to evaluate the applicability evaluation based on the clinician questionnaire and the application evaluation based on clinical case observation. The applicability evaluation, familiarity and utilization rate of doctors' guidelines were 85.06%, 62.76%; Sort by technical grade, intermediate grade doctors have a higher familiarity rate and utilization rate, while the junior grade doctor's is lower; Guide quality level of applicability evaluation, other items' rational percentage are better than 96% except the items of health preserving and prevention and other treatment is relatively low; Items' applicable percentage of applicability evaluation are more than 91% except the item of guide simplicity. Comprehensive applicability evaluation, The percentage of the guideline applicable to clinical practice accounted for 94.94%. The consistency rate of syndrome differentiation and clinical application is more than 96% in addition to prescription medication, other treatments and health preserving and prevention of the guidelines apply consistency of application evaluation. The percentage of good treatment effect accounted for 92.96% of application effect evaluation. The safety percentage is 99.89% and economy is 97.45%. The research shows that of Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Pediatrics in Traditional Chinese Medicine quality level is good and is basically applicable to pediatric clinical practice which can be used as a standardized recommendation of pediatric common diseases' treatment specification. A small part of the guidelines are not applicable and need to be further consummated. Health preserving and prevention and other treatment of the guideline need to be revised.

Clinical application evaluation of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Otolaryngology in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国中药杂志

This study is to assess the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Otolaryngology in Traditional Chinese Medicine in clinical application and provide evidence for further guideline revision. The assessment was divided into applicability assessment and practicability assessment. The applicability assessment based on questionnaire survey and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners were asked to independently fill the Questionnaire for Applicability Assessment on the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The practicability assessment was based on prospective case investigation and analysis method and the TCM practitioners-in-charge filled the Case Investigation Questionnaire for Practicability Assessment on the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The data were analyzed in descriptive statistics. 151 questionnaires were investigated for applicability assessment and 1 016 patients were included for practicability assessment. The results showed that 88.74% of them were familiar with the guidelines and 45.70% used them. The guidelines quality and related items were similar in applicability assessment and practicability assessment, and scored highly as more than 85.00% except the "recuperating and prevention". The results suggested that the quality of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Otolaryngology in Traditional Chinese Medicine was high and could better guide the clinical practice. The "recuperating and prevention" part should be improved and the evidence data should be included in future guideline revision, so that the clinical utilization rate could be increased.

Clinical application evaluation of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to evaluate the adaptability and applicability of Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The assessment methods included adaptability assessment and applicability assessment. The adaptability assessment was based on the questionnaire survey to evaluate the familiarity, utilization, quality, and clinical application of the Guidelines; applicability assessment was based on the prospective observation of 853 clinical cases to investigate the applicability and effect of the Guidelines, including effectiveness, economy and safety. Statistical analysis for basic description, construction of different comparison groups for cross or hierarchical statistical test, multi-factor analysis, and confounding factors were used in the study. Adaptability assessment results showed that 63.03% of TCM doctors considered guidelines as good or very good applicability and 4.24% of TCM doctors considered guidelines with very poor applicability in clinical practice. For the applicability evaluation, TCM doctors considered that the "overall efficacy and technology level", "satisfactory degree" and "adaptability in clinical practice" of the guideline were 85.46%, 80.43% and 69.40% respectively. The results showed that guideline was well known among TCM doctors, especially junior TCM doctors. Adaptability and applicability of Guidelines were totally good but the quality and adaptability of the intervention schemes were still week, so the quality of Guidelines should be improved by revision.

Clinical application evaluation of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Coloproctology in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国中药杂志

To provide reference for revising the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Coloproctology in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) through clinical research. 9 TCM hospitals worldwide have conducted a survey and questionnaires for 7 CPGs have been received. 263 cases clinical doctors accepted the applicability survey of guidelines. 89.35% is more familiar to the guidelines and 36.12% have been used the guidelines. In syndrome differentiation and treatment related contents, diagnostic point, treatment and syndrome differentiation are higher, accounted for 96.96%, 88.59%, 96.20%, respectively. Rationality of prevention is lower, accounted for 65.02%.88.21% clinical doctors believe that the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Coloproctology in Traditional Chinese Medicine is applicable. The application of the guidelines is evaluated by prospective observation of 1 309 cases. The higher consistency between guidelines and clinical practice is Western medicine disease diagnosis and traditional Chinese medicine disease diagnosis, accounted for 98.70%, 90.76%, respectively. The lower is rationality of prevention, accounted for 49.27%. The safety and economy of the guidelines are better, accounted for 97.02%, 95.11%, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the overall treatment effect and technical level, satisfaction degree, applicability in clinical practice which were 7-9 points is 81.52%, 80.60%, 79.30%.The complex evaluation of diagnosis and treatment of common diseases of coloproctology in TCM guidelines is good, and suitable for clinical application with increase the content of rationality of prevention.

Clinical application evaluation of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Dermatology in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国中药杂志

To assess the quality and application effect of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Dermatology in Traditional Chinese Medicine(Guidelines) through the applicability and applicability evaluation respectively. The questionnaire survey was adopted to evaluate the applicability of the Guidelines, including the utilization, quality, and clinical application conditions. The results showed that the familiarity rate and utilization rate of the Guidelines were 85.37%, 48.78%, respectively. The data showed that the familiarity and the utilization rates were different in the working staff with different professional titles. The evaluation level was the lowest given by the staff with junior professional title (70.97%, 29.03%) in comparison. The assessment showed the overall quality of the Guideline was good and slightly low level for the rationality scores of the other therapeutic methods as well as for the recuperation and prevention (80.49%, 85.37%), which was in line with the clinical compliance of the Guideline. The perspective observation of clinical cases was used for the applicability evaluation, including clinical compliance of the Guideline, effect evaluation, and comprehensive assessment, et al. The results showed that the safety score was the highest, followed by the economic issue and efficacy. For the comprehensive evaluation of the applicability, complete applicability accounted for 29.27%, and the general applicability accounted for 87.80%. It was showed in the three index scores of the applicability evaluation that the accumulative score 7-9 scores were 75.65%, 73.89%, 71.12%. Through the applicability and applicability evaluation, the Guideline was satisfactory in the overall quality, high in the safety of clinical application and good in efficacy and economic issues. There are some limits on the development method and technical issues in the Guideline, which is required to be supplemented in the revision. Additionally, the strategy study on the promotion of the Guideline should be enhanced so as to expedite the recognition and utilization of the Guideline.

Clinical application evaluation of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Gynecology in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the clinical applicability and application of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Gynecology in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 11 diseases from Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Gynecology in Traditional Chinese Medicine were evaluated by methods of questionnaire and prospective case study at 16 construction units for traditional Chinese medicine standards research and extension. Results showed that 361 clinical doctors accepted the applicability survey of guidelines, and 87.26% of them were more familiar to the guideline and 25.21% of them used the guideline. In syndrome differentiation and treatment related contents, rationality of prescription medication and syndrome classification was higher, accounted for 91.69% and 86.98% respectively, but the rationality of recuperation prevention was lower, accounted for 44.6%. 75.62% clinical doctors believed that the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Gynecology in Traditional Chinese Medicine was applicable. The application of the guidelines is evaluated by prospective observation of 2 935 cases. The higher compliance between the guideline and clinical practice was present in TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) disease diagnosis and WM (western medicine) disease diagnosis, accounted for 98.30% and 94.11% respectively. The lower compliance was present in recuperation prevention, accounted for 59.39%. The safety and economy of the guideline was higher, accounting for 95.64%, 94.75%, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the rate of the overall treatment effect with technical level, satisfaction degree or applicability in clinical practice which were 7-9 points is 77.38%, 74.00%, 76.90% respectively. This guideline has a high clinical compliance and can be used as a standard for common diseases of gynecology, but there are also some conditions with poor applicability, which does not conform to the actual situation, and needs to be further revised.

MRI evaluation of lateral geniculate body in normal aging brain using quantitative susceptibility mapping / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of lateral geniculate body (LGB) in the normal aging brain using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Magnetic resonance (MR) phase and magnitude images were acquired from enhanced gradient echo T2 star weighted angiography sequence with 16 echoes on 3.0T MR system using the head coil with 32 channels. Morphology Enabled Dipole Inversion (MEDI) method was applied for QSM, and the susceptibility value of LGB was measured by region of interest (ROI) drawn manually on three orthogonal planes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LGB of the middle-aged group had a higher susceptibility value (0.16±0.05 ppm) than that of the youth group (0.12±0.05 ppm) and elderly group (0.13±0.03 ppm) (all P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis demonstrated that there was significantly positive correlation between susceptibility value and age in the youth group (r=0.71, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LGB could clearly be identified on QSM in the brain in vivo.</p>

Impact of gender on the marginal division of the neostriatum in health adults / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the impact of gender on the marginal division(MrD)of the neostriatum in healthy adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),3D structure images,and resting-state function MRI(rs-fMRI)were performed in 64 health adults,who were divided into male group(n=28)and female group(n=26).MrD was defined using manual drawing on structure images,and was applied to the computation of functional connectivity maps.Single group data was performed with simple t test,and two groups data were performed with analysis of covariance with age as the covariance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The brain regions of functional connectivity related with MrD were located in bilateral middle cingulate gyrus,rolandic operculum,insula,putamen,thalamus and amygdala in male group,and in bilateral heschl gyrus,putamen,thalamus and amygdala in female group.The brain regions with increased functional connectivity related with MrD were demonstrated in right superior temporal gyrus,middle temporal gyrus and gyrus rectus,and decreased in left superior parietal cortex in male group compared with that in female group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The functional connectivity related with MrD shows certain gender-related consistency and difference in the brain of health adults.</p>

Parameter optimization for non-contrast-enhanced selective magnetic resonance portography imaging / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate subtraction images acquired with 3D true steady-state free-precession(SSFP)sequence combined with time-spatial labeling inversion pulse(T-SLIP)for selective and non-contrast-enhanced(non-CE)visualization of the portal venous system,and explore the optimization of this protocol.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 13 healthy volunteers were recruited.Respiratory-triggered 3D true SSFP sequences on a 1.5T MRI system combined with T-SLIP placed on the spleen and mesenteric area were performed.The portographic images were generated from the subtraction between the pulse on and off images.According to the difference in inversion time(TI)of T-SLIP,four image groups group A(TI of 1300 ms),group B(TI of 1100 ms),group C(TI of 900 ms)and group D(TI of 700 ms),were assigned and compared to detect the optimal TI for portography.For quantitative analysis,the signal intensity(SI)of left and right liver lobe,the large vessels as main,right and left portal vein(MPV,RPV and LPV,respectively)and small vessels as branches of segments four(P4),six(P6)and eight(P8)were measured.The relative SI of MPV,RPV and LPV,as well as P4,P6 and P8 were also compared.For qualitative evaluation,the quality score of visualization was also evaluated using a 4-point scale.One-Way ANOVA and LSD test were used for comparison of quantitative data,and Friedman signed rank test was used for comparison of qualitative scores.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 52 sequences of 13 volunteers,the selective visualization of the portal vein was all successfully conducted.Quantitative evaluation showed significant increased SI at the left lobe between C and D groups and A and B groups(comparison of group C to group A and BP=0.004,0.011;comparison of group D to group A and BP=0.001,0.004),while relative SI of LPV of groups C and D were lower than groups A and B(comparison of group C to group A and BP=0.015,0.015;comparison of group D to group A and BP=0.000,0.000).The relative SI of MPV in group D were decreased than groups A(P=0.000),B(P=0.000),and C(P=0.019).There was no significant difference in relative SI of small vessels among four groups(P>0.05).The image score of portal vessels in four groups also showed no differences(P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>3D true SSFP scan with T-SLIP enabled selective non-CE visualization of the portal vein with digital subtraction method.A fixed TI of both 1300 and 1100 ms can be preferable.</p>

Differentiation between glioma recurrence and radiation-induced brain injuries using perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the role of perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) in the differentiation between recurrent glioma and radiation-induced brain injuries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-three patients with previously resected and irradiated glioma, presenting newly developed abnormal enhancement, were included in the study. The final diagnosis was determined either histologically or clinicoradiologically. PWI was obtained with a gradient echo echo-planar-imaging (GRE-EPI)technique. The normalized relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) ratio [rCBV (abnormal enhancement)/rCBV (contralateral tissue)], relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) ratio [rCBF (abnormal enhancement)/rCBF(contralateral tissue)], mean transit time(MTT) ratio [MTT (abnormal enhancement)/MTT(contralateral tissue)],time to peak(TTP)ratio[TTP(abnormal enhancement)/TTP(contralateral tissue)],and bolus arrive time(BAT)ratio[BAT(abnormal enhancement)/BAT(contralateral tissue)] were calculated. The regions of interest (ROIs) consisting of 20-40mm(2) were placed in the abnormal enhanced areas on postcontrast T1-weighted images.Ten ROIs measurements were performed in each lesion.T test was used to determine whether there was a difference in the rCBV/rCBF/rMTT/rTTP/rBAT ratios between recurrent glioma and irradiated injuries.Significance was set to a P value <0.05.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen of the 23 patients were proved recurrent glioma and 10 were proved radiation-induced brain injuries. The rCBV ratio (3.60±3.86 vs. 0.82 ± 0.74, P = 0.000)and rCBF ratio (2.88 ± 2.27 vs. 0.84 ± 0.80, P = 0.000) in glioma recurrence were markedly higher than those in radiation injuries. The areas under rCBV and rCBF ROC curve were both 0.8763. rMTT (P=0.204), rTTP (P=0.260), and rBAT (P=0.071) ratios showed no statistical difference between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PWI is an effective technique in distinguishing glioma recurrence from radiation injuries,and the ratios of rCBV and rCBF ratio differential diagnosis of critical value to 1.3088 and 1.1235, respectively, can be used as a reliable clinical indicator.</p>

Feasibility analysis of the value of Q method in the classification and understanding of expert experience / 中国结合医学杂志

The Q method, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, refers to the qualitative analysis of Q-sorts based on quantitative techniques. It is used to research individual subjective experience, analyzing consensus and divergence to identify and categorize subjects' viewpoints. The sorting process is completely performed by the subjects, independent of study researchers. The Q method in medical research has been applied in many fields, including nursing care, clinical studies, doctor and patient's perceptions, health evaluation and decision making. The authors used the Q method to research Chinese medicine (CM) group decision making, exploring its practical feasibility in this important field. Four primary domains are addressed: (1) integration of expert opinion; (2) expert classification; (3) ascertaining the entire viewpoint orientation of a certain type of expert; and (4) comparison of expert opinion using an additional perspective. The essence of the Q method caters to the CM thinking model and should be introduced into CM and explored more deeply.

Application value of apparent diffusion coefficient in differentiation of brain radiation-injuries and glioma recurrence / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate application value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating brain radiation-injuries and glioma recurrence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 23 patients [18 men and 5 women aged 32 to 67 years (mean: 47 years)] with previously resected and irradiated glioma were examined by using a 3.0T MR Scanner, including conventional and diffusion weighted image (DWI) sequences. All the cases were proved by pathology or clinical follow-up. Postprocessing of ADC maps was performed by using Functool software (AW 4.3, GE Healthcare), and the regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn on ADC maps in the area corresponding to the contrast-enhancing area on post-contrast axial T1-weighted images, avoiding the hemorrhage or necrosis. The ADC values were calculated automatically. ADC values were measured 10 times in order to reduce errors, and mean ADC value, maximum ADC value, and minimum ADC value were acquired.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both recurrent glioma and irradiated necrosis tended to have hemorrhage, necrosis, and edema. The mean ADC value and maximum ADC value were lower in the recurrent tumor group than in the radiation-injuries group, but no statistical difference was achieved. However, the minimum ADC value was significantly lower in the recurrent tumor group than in the radiation-injuries group (P=0.016).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The minimum ADC value can be used as an useful tool in differentiating tumor recurrence from radiation-injuries.</p>

CT findings of ovarian fibroma in 9 patients / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the value of multislice spiral computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of ovarian fibroma.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The CT findings of 9 cases with pathologically confirmed ovarian fibroma were retrospectively analyzed by two radiologists.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of the 9 cases showed unilateral adnexal mass with demarcated boundary. There were three different types of ovarian fibroma according to the CT appearances simple type(n=4), degeneration type(n=3) and the ovarian fibroma with ascites(n=2). The simple type showed homogeneous-density solid tumor with no enhancement; two of them diagnosed as uterine leiomyomas and the other two as benign tumor originated from the ovary. The degeneration type showed irregular or round hypodensity inside the tumor with no enhancement; one of them was diagnosed as malignant tumor and the other two as intrapelvic mass. The ovarian fibroma with ascites showed homogeneous density with no enhancement; one with ascites and pelvic effusion and the other one with pleural effusion, ascites and pelvic effusion, both of whom were diagnosed as malignant tumor that possibly originated from the ovary.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The ovarian fibroma has diverse CT findings. They often appear as a unilateral adnexal solid tumor without obvious enhancement. A diagnosis of Meigs's syndrome may be made when it is accompanied with ascites and pleural effusion.</p>

Immune reconstitution of acquired immune deficiency syndrome / 中国结合医学杂志

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic infectious disease, which the patients are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV damages the human's immune function and causes CD4 cell decline in the number and function. Immune reconstitution is an important treatment to AIDS. Bone marrow transplantation, adoptive immune cell therapy and cytokines infusion can all assist the immune reconstitution; highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can effectively control the virus replication and benefit the immune reconstitution. HAART combined with immunotherapy is an important method of immune reconstitution in AIDS patients. Chinese medicine is playing a more and more important role in immune reconstitution. Immune reconstitution has always been effective in the whole treatment of AIDS.

Preliminary research on application of Q method in studying experiences of Chinese medicine famous veteran doctors / 中国中西医结合杂志

As the stands, one-sidedness of subjective understanding and subjective bias is surely existed in the study of Chinese medicine (CM) doctors' experiences, so to find appropriate methods for inheriting the real experiences of experts is needed. Since CM thinking presents as a system integral way of intention thinking and a mental process of subject, to study CM experts' experiences in virtue of Q method, a psychological research method for the subjective sense, must be feasible. The application of Q method was inspected in this article, it was considered to be capable of sorting the experts, integrating the opinions of experts and comparing their opinions from multi-pointviews. A test investigation was carried out by applying Q method to analyze the CM measures, getting from some chosen gynecology specialists, for regain pregnancy in women underwent spontaneous abortion, for exploring the applicative value of Q method in the co-cognizance formation of experts' experiences.

Effects of Shengqi Jiangtang Granule on rat model of insulin resistance and its mechanism / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Shengqi Jiangtang Granule (SJG) on rat model of insulin resistance (IR) and explore the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>IR model was induced by high fat diet and peritoneal injection of streptozotocin in Wistar rats. Model rats were randomly divided into the model group, the low, medium and high dose SJG groups treated with corresponding dose of SJG, and thc RGL group with rosiglitazone (RGL). A normal control group was also set up. Blood glucose (BG), protein expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and protein kinase C (PKC) in aortic tissue were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BG decreased in the high and medium dose SJG groups and the RGL group after treatment, and the lowest level was shown in the high dose SJG group. Compared with that in the normal group, the expressions of ET-1 and PKC obviously increased in the model group (P<0.05), which was lowered in the RGL group and the high and medium dose SJG groups after treatment in a dosage-depending manner, showing significant difference to those in the model group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SJG can lower blood glucose and inhibit ET-1 and PKC expressions to improve vascular endothelial function, thus to promote insulin sensitiveness and alleviate IR.</p>